Common types of water well machinery are mainly divided into three categories: percussion, rotary, and combined types. Each type is suitable for different geological conditions and drilling needs.
Percussion water well machinery relies on the vertical reciprocating motion of the drill bit to impact and break the rock formation at the bottom of the well. It has a simple structure and low cost, suitable for hard soil layers or shallow drilling (generally within 250 meters). Common equipment includes wire rope percussion drills and percussion cones. This type of machinery does not require a complex circulation system, but its efficiency is relatively low, and it is mostly used in rural areas or small-scale projects.
Rotary water well machinery uses the rotation of the drill bit to cut the rock formation, and uses a mud or air circulation system to remove rock cuttings.
It has a fast drilling speed and great depth, and is currently the mainstream choice. According to the different drive methods, it can be divided into:
Rotary drilling rigs: such as the SPJ-300 model, suitable for hydrogeological exploration and deep well construction.
Hydraulic power head drilling rigs: Highly automated, capable of drilling large-diameter wells, and easier to operate.
Down-the-hole vibratory rotary drilling rigs: Combine vibration and rotation, offering high drilling efficiency and suitable for medium-depth hard rock formations.
Combined water well machinery: Integrates both impact and rotation modes, automatically switching operating modes when encountering pebble layers or hard formations, offering strong adaptability. For example, pneumatic down-the-hole hammer drills use high-pressure air to drive a piston to impact the drill bit while simultaneously rotating at low speed, making them particularly suitable for deep well drilling under complex geological conditions.
